Coal Crimes of Buffalo Creek

Let us imagine that peerless mean solar day a natural misadventure hits your town, you watched every ane you do lose their homes, and for al well-nigh, their sojourns. Your life believe most likely would be skewed for some time, but who could you unsaved? Nature? God? bit tragic, an morsel of nature or matinee idol most often carries no great amount of blame with it. This is non the case in the overawe creek incident however. It is important to observe that the people of the buffalo Creek atomic number 18a were deeply traumatized by this event, and their bank violated by those responsible for this incident.The Buffalo Creek incident is one of the most widely studied disasters in the U. S. and as Kai T. Erikson writes in his prologue to Everything in Its lane It was a fairly contained disaster, as such things go, having taken give on a scale sm every(prenominal) enough to allow one to see it whole,. There were a number of variables leading into that day, the day the dike gave way, and throughout the course of this paper I intend to trace the public figure back to the source of this disaster, the creator of a situation that certainly does merit blame.What it comes down to in the outcome of this disaster is whether to cast the guilt on the blacken companionship that created the environment for this disaster, or the people of the valley who some might say had failed to save themselves. The sear company would trivialize the redness that the people of this valley community had undergone and try to label the flood an act of God. (Stern) I however, soundly took the side of these mountain people as I read about the coal perseverances harassment of their land, and the destruction of WV life as they had once known it.The coal industry creeped its way into the lives of watt Virginians over the better part of a century. Although coal had always been rich in West Virginias land and it was know for sometime to be that way, coal companies did not gain access to most areas of WV including Logan County until the very early 1900s as railroads invaded the h queasys and valleys. coal gild betrothal greatly changed the lives of W. Virginians over time, bringing them down from the mountain farms they used to live on, to factory like homes constructed in crowded valley mining towns.The miners of Logan County were in addition influenced heavily from the company to remain non-union workers which is to the ultimate benefit of the industry earlier than the miner. The popularity of the studies into this disaster are not only beneficial to our response to disasters that are some(prenominal) man made and acts of god, but also to promote the testimonial and safety of a companys workers through stricter safety guidelines.On the morning of February 26, 1972 132 million gallons of black water and coal waste strained its way through the impoundments that the Buffalo excavation fraternity had built in three stages over the span of two or three eld. The Pittston Coal Company did not feel they needed to say sorry or offer retribution for the occludeages caused by their poor management and control of dam construction, this act is what sparked the defiance in the people victimized by the flood. (Erikson)Immediately following the disaster Pittston began doing damage control for the protection of the company and tried to place all of the responsibility away from themselves during the ensuing heavy battles. Pittston lawyers immediately began treating the people left behind in the wake of the disaster as potential adversaries in court action, questioning them not about the state of their living conditions but instead about their ill will against the company (Erikson).During one of the interviews included in Everything in Its rails a former mine worker said Lawyers had asked him Do you sacrifice any hard feelings against Pittston? and Do you believe theyll talk to people? . While these actions may have seemed like sensible legal maneuvers in Pittstons legal team, they proved to seed a deep resentment toward the coal company in the minds of Buffalo Creeks residents. The second luxate Pittston made, as described in The Buffalo Creek Disaster, was them stating that the break in the dam was caused by floodingan Act of God. (Stern). Throughout the works of both Kai T. Erikson and Gerald M. Stern thither is a general consensus that the valley community beingness a largely religious group of people were provoked by this statement. In this respect Pittston ultimately did more to embolden their adversaries than they did to protect themselves from pecuniary loss in the end.Pittston Coal Company and the Buffalo Mining Company are the responsible parties for this man made disaster from the beginning of its creation until the day of the flood. The Buffalo Mining Co. nd Pittston both failed to claim from past mistakes during the construction of the dam system. Pittston ignored the poor quality of the da ms built, introductory complaints about the lack of emergency run off systems, and multiple precedent failures of the dams which were simply patched and reinforced in the same faulty path as the original was made. In March of 1971 several Coal Company officials noted that there was a fundamental slumping in dam 3 and it was estimated at 150 to 200 feet wide across the face of the dam and 20 to 30 feet from the face back. by testimony of Ben Tudor, General Superintendent, Buffalo Mining Company. Later that same month it was recorded that a West Virginia Department of Natural Resources inspector had listed a . . . lack of emergency spillway or overflow system from upper impoundment. (In this instance, upper impoundment refers to dam No. 3. ).Despite these and many other alarming findings, no significant improvements were made before the dam systems failure in 1972. (Kelley). On the day of the disaster, citizens of Buffalo Creek Valley had little or no warning from Pittston or the Buffalo Mining Co. f the impend danger until the wall of water had descended upon them. Pittston Coal neglected to warn The Mining Bureau, the National Guard, the State Police, and even the Logan County Sheriffs office. (Stern). In Everything in Its Path Erikson includes several accounts of victims who had been given no warning at all that there was danger of a flood at that time. The importance of this disaster and its aftermath has permanently touched the way we handle disaster prevention, relief, post traumatic counseling, and hopefully future litigation.While the magnifying glass initially was held over the coal industry and specifically on the legal battle that the people of Buffalo Creek eventually would win, its scope has continued to broaden over years and will remain an important learning tool for use in varieties of disasters on the earth and humanity. Consider the lessons to be learned by all companies and corporations in respect to how they monitor the safety of th eir employees and the communities they have potential refer on.I ask you to consider the victims of the Buffalo Creek flood as brave pioneers into the world of disasters, and appreciate the advancements that have been made possible by their bravery. References Erikson, K. T. (1976). Everything in its Path Destruction of Community in the Buffalo Creek Flood. New York, NY Simon & Schuster Paperbacks. Kelley, J. H. , Dr. (1973). The Buffalo Creek Flood and Disaster Official tell from the Governors Ad Hoc Commission of Inquiry. West Virginia Archives & History.